EL CONDUCTISMO EN PSICOLOGÍA: SKINNER, WATSON, TOLMAN: COLECCIÓN RESÚMENES UNIVERSITARIOS Nº 425 (Spanish Edition) Book PDF, ePub eBook

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Book Descriptions:
La psicología clásica, está basada en el dualismo cartesiano mente-cuerpo. Tiene como objeto de estudio a la conciencia y como método científico a la introspección experimental. A comienzos del siglo XX, es cuestionada en su estructura basal. En este apartado nos vamos a referir al cuestionamiento de su objeto y su método científico bajo la óptica de corrientes objetivas en psicología. Esta corriente surge en Estados Unidos fundada por Watson. El movimiento conductista surge como reacción a la abstracción y subjetividad de la psicología clásica. Cuestiona su objeto, su método, su perspectiva dualista y la inaplicabilidad de sus resultados. Esta corriente psicológica se opone al dualismo cartesiano mente - cuerpo. Sus desarrollos parten de la premisa de que la realidad es un sola, de carácter material, regida por leyes físicas. Llamaremos a esta premisa “monismo”. Para el conductismo toda ciencia debe estar encuadrada dentro de los principios epistemológicos de las ciencias naturales (observación, medición y predicción), y dejar de lados principios metafísicos, para adoptar criterios materialistas.
Los temas tratados en el artículo son los siguientes: Conductismo clásico. Ruptura con la psicología subjetiva del siglo XlX. Condiciones sociales y científicas imperante en Estados Unidos para el surgimiento del conductismo. Influencias teóricas para el surgimiento del conductismo. Algunas definiciones del conductismo clásico. Esquema estímulo-respuesta. Postulados fundamentales del conductismo. Teoría del aprendizaje. Ley del refuerzo y ley del efecto. Las emociones. Críticas que se le han hecho al conductismo. Aportes del conductismo. El neo-conductismo. Propiedades descriptivas de la conducta molar. Determinantes inmanentes: la intención y la cognición. El organismo como un todo. Actos de conductas.
Hemos resumido lo esencial de "Las psicologías conductistas: Watson, Skinner, Tolman", de Jorge Freiría.

EL CONDUCTISMO EN PSICOLOGÍA: SKINNER, WATSON, TOLMAN: COLECCIÓN RESÚMENES UNIVERSITARIOS Nº 425 (Spanish Edition) by Mauricio Fau

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